Tools & Hardware

·Model: ZT-100A ·Pipe Capacity: 1/2"-4" ·Quick-open Dies Head 1/2”-2” 1set ·Self-open Dies Head 2.1/2”-4” 1set ·Dies 1/2"-3/4" 1"-2" ,2.1/2”-4” BSPT/NPT M12-M33 Metric Thread (Dies Extra) C15-C51 Conduit Pipe (Dies Extra) ·Spindle Speed: 12/22/38RPM ·Motor: 220V/380V Universal Motor 50HZ ·Power: 1500W ·Gross / Net Weight: 155/135KGS ·Packing Size: 900*640*680(mm) https://www.youtube.com , /watch?v=e-kVpjZUNt4

Minimum Order: 5 dozens

Model: GC-12 B Pipe Capacity:2”-12”(￠50 mm - ￠300 mm)  Max wall thickness:6 mm Output RPM: 23r/min  Motor:220V/380V Universal Motor 50HZ Power:750W Net Weight:131.00 KGS Packing Size:780*710*780(mm) video:https://www.yout , ube.com/watch?v=E67k0CBL9rs

Minimum Order: 5 dozens

·Model:RB-42 ·Bar Capacity:M8-M42 ·Thread Length:240mm ·Dies:M8,M10,M12,M14,M16,M18,M20 M22, M24,M27,M30,M33,M36,M39,M42 ·Speed: (Fast 160r/min) (Middle 80r/min) (Slow 40r/min) ·Motor: 220V/380V Universal Motor 50HZ ·Power: 1500W ·Gross Weight: 155Kg ·Packing Size: 1000*540*880(mm) https://www.youtube.co , m/watch?v=gbnB207YpkM

Minimum Order: 5 dozens

·Model:PM2-63/160 ·Pipe Size: 63, 75, 90, 110, 125,140, 160mm ·Temp.Deviation In Surface: ±3℃ ·Total Power: 1.7KW/220V ·Working Temp: 220℃-270℃ ·Welding Efficiency:< 20 Min ·Welding Material:PE PPR PB PVDF https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gbnB20 , 7YpkM

Minimum Order: 50

Dies (Optional) Metric: M8*1.25 M10*1.5 M12*1.75 M14*2.0 M16*2.0 M18*2.5 M20*2.5 M22*2.5 M24*3.0 M27*3.0 M30*3.5 M33*3.5 M36*4.0 M39*4.0 M42*4.5 ·G/R/BSW/UNC/NPT (Optional) ·Alloy Steel / ·HSS https://www.youtube.com/shorts/izWtFlyVh8w ,

Minimum Order: 100

·Model: 1107A ·Max Pipe Capacity:12" ·Height Adjustable Capacity:71-131 CM ·Max Load-bearing Weight:1130KGS ·Gross/Net Weight:14.3/13.3 KGS ·Packing Size:80*25*20 CM https://www.youtube.com/shorts/zEpV-9TXv , wQ

Minimum Order: 100

·Model:RD-C4 ·Max Tapping Diameter:4 inch ·Max Tapping Wall-Thickness:10mm ·Spindle Speed:120RPM ·Motor:220V 50HZ ·Power:550W ·Gross /Net Weight:29/24KGS ·Packing Size:350*320*550(mm) https://www.youtube.co , m/shorts/DIhT1xcwxfY

Minimum Order: 5 dozens

·Model:ZT-50A (750W) ·Pipe Capacity:1/2"-2" M12-M33 Metric Thread (Dies Extra) C15-C51 Conduit Pipe (Dies Extra) ·Dies:1/2"-3/4",1"-2" BSPT/NPT ·Spindle Speed:24RPM ·Motor:220V/380V Universal Motor 50HZ ·Power:750W ·Gross / Net Weight:70/58 KGS ·Packing Size:700*480*540(mm) https://www.youtube.co , m/watch?v=iFZPHsgsvwg

Minimum Order: 5 dozens

Item:RP-50 Pressure: 0--50bar Flow volume:45ml/min Water tank volume:12L G.W/ N.W: 8.2/7.7kg Meas: 51*18*29cm https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iFZPHsgsvw , g

Minimum Order: 100

·Model:RC-S12 II ·Capacity:2 1/2"-12" ·Max.Wall - Thickness: 8mm ·Spindle Speed:23RPM ·Motor:220V/380V Universal Motor 50HZ ·Power:750W ·Gross /Net Weight:117/85KGS ·Packing Size:810*490*730(mm) https://youtu.be/DDtXV , 9txIYw

Minimum Order: 5 dozens

Model: GC-8M Pipe Capacity:￠21 mm - ￠219 mm Knurl Wheels:21mm-27mm,33mm-48mm,60mm-168mm,219mm. Pressure Wheels:21mm-48mm,60mm-168mm,219mm G.W/N.W:2 , 5.00 KGS/23.00KGS Packing Size:400*180*360(mm) https://www.youtube.co , m/shorts/Ugy5oW4Q90g

Minimum Order: 10 long tons

Robotic shaft seals often operate for long periods in low-temperature environments. Many engineering cases show that oil seals performing reliably at room temperature may exhibit leakage, increased start–stop wear, and unstable sealing behavior once exposed to low temperatures. The root cause is rarely assembly-related; instead, the lip interference loses its ability to provide effective compensating force under low-temperature conditions. This article analyzes how low temperatures affect lip interference from multiple perspectives and proposes feasible design optimization strategies. 1. How Low Temperature Affects Lip Interference The sealing performance of a metal-cased oil seal depends on the lip maintaining stable contact pressure against the shaft surface. In low- temperature environments, this balance is disrupted by several mechanisms: Increased rubber modulus: Rubber becomes stiffer at low temperatures, reducing lip flexibility and making it harder to conform to the shaft surface. Differential thermal contraction: Rubber, metal casing, and shaft materials shrink at different rates, altering the effective interference. Higher lubricant viscosity: Thickened lubricant makes it difficult to form a stable oil film during startup, increasing the likelihood of boundary or even dry friction, which accelerates wear. It is important to emphasize that low-temperature seal failure is not simply a matter of “insufficient interference.” Rather, the interference can no longer deliver sustained, effective contact pressure, leading to systemic degradation of sealing performance. 2. Selecting and Optimizing Interference Interference must be carefully optimized. Some studies recommend a range of 0.35–0.55 mm to balance sealing capability and service life. For high-load or high-pressure applications, values around 0.8 mm may be more appropriate. This highlights that interference should be determined based on operating conditions (pressure, speed), material properties, shaft diameter, and validated through simulation or testing—not by blindly increasing the interference. 3. Material Selection: Low-Temperature Elastic Recovery as the Core Criterion Whether the lip can maintain effective interference at low temperatures depends primarily on the rubber’s elasticity and rebound behavior. FVMQ (fluorosilicone): Maintains excellent flexibility and elastic recovery in extreme cold while offering moderate oil resistance. Suitable for collaborative robots or cold-region drive shafts requiring high compliance. Low-temperature FKM: Retains oil and aging resistance while improving low- temperature rebound. Ideal for medium-to-low temperature applications requiring long service life and chemical compatibility. HNBR: Balances low-temperature elasticity with mechanical strength, making it suitable for outdoor equipment or machinery subjected to impact loads and durability demands. Thus, the key question is not “Is the material cold-resistant?” but “Can it still rebound at low temperatures?” 4. Spring Systems: The Primary Compensation Mechanism in Low Temperatures In low-temperature environments, rubber elasticity alone is insufficient to maintain sealing pressure. A spring-loaded structure becomes essential. An effective spring system should: Provide adequate working stroke to compensate for rubber stiffening Maintain stable force output across the low-temperature range Work synergistically with the lip geometry to distribute contact pressure In extreme low-temperature applications, seals with radial garter springs are commonly used, underscoring the spring’s role as the core compensating element. 5. Structural Design Matters More Than Increasing Interference Simply increasing initial interference often leads to higher friction and wear during low-temperature startup. A more effective approach is to enhance structural compliance so the lip can adapt to temperature changes. Examples include: Reducing lip cross-section thickness to lower bending stiffness Extending the elastic arm to improve followability and reduce stress concentration Optimizing contact angle to achieve more uniform pressure distribution and reduce edge wear The design goal is to ensure the lip can “move with the temperature,” rather than passively suffer from material performance loss. 6. Shaft Surface Condition: A Critical System-Level Factor At low temperatures, oil film formation becomes more difficult, making shaft surface condition even more influential. Optimized roughness (Ra 0.2–0.4 μm): Balances oil retention and lip conformity Micro-texturing (cross-hatch or micro-grooves): Improves start–stop lubrication and sealing stability Avoiding surface defects: Prevents early lip wear or scratching 7. System-Level Thermal Matching and Tolerance Coordination Low-temperature sealing stability requires system-level coordination, not just lip design. Key considerations include: Thermal contraction compatibility among shaft, casing, and spring Amplification of assembly tolerances at low temperatures Lubricant flow and adhesion characteristics in cold environments Only through thermal and mechanical synergy at the system level can the lip maintain effective interference throughout temperature fluctuations. There is no single “correct” interference value for low-temperature robotic shaft applications. Instead of pursuing larger interference, designers should focus on enabling the seal structure to continuously adapt to temperature changes. This system-oriented approach is far more meaningful for achieving reliable low-temperature sealing performance.

Minimum Order: 1000

In industrial robot joints, the motion of the shaft rarely resembles the continuous rotation found in conventional machinery. Instead, many joints operate through wide-angle oscillation often reaching ±180°. This motion pattern may appear gentle, yet it places a unique set of demands on skeleton oil seals. During oscillation, the sealing lip repeatedly transitions between full-film lubrication and boundary lubrication. At each reversal point, the oil film thins, local temperature rises, and wear concentrates on a narrow track. For traditional elastomeric skeleton oil seals, this leads to increased torque fluctuation, accelerated wear, and eventually leakage. To make a skeleton oil seal truly compatible with this motion, the design must be reconsidered from the ground up—materials, lip geometry, and system integration all play essential roles. Materials: Prioritizing Low Friction Over Chemical Resistance In oscillating applications, frictional behavior becomes more important than simple media resistance. PTFE and PTFE‑based composites have become the preferred choice for the primary sealing lip due to: inherently low friction stable transfer film formation reduced heat generation under frequent reversals Elastomers such as FKM or HNBR remain valuable as secondary lips, dust exclusion elements, or static sealing components. FFKM, while excellent in aggressive chemical environments, offers limited advantages in grease-lubricated robot joints and is typically reserved for niche applications. Lip Geometry: Designing for Oscillation, Not Rotation A symmetric lip profile—common in traditional skeleton oil seals—is not ideal for oscillating motion. Engineers often adopt directional PTFE lip geometries that encourage a subtle return flow of lubricant during motion. This does not create a pumping effect in the traditional sense, but it helps maintain lubrication near the contact zone and reduces the risk of dry running at reversal points. Spring Energization: Maintaining Consistent Contact Pressure PTFE lips are commonly paired with a spring energizer. The spring ensures: stable initial contact pressure automatic compensation for wear predictable torque behavior over the seal’s service life For robot joints, where torque ripple can influence control accuracy, this stability is particularly important. System-Level Considerations: The Seal Does Not Work Alone The performance of a seal in a robot joint is closely tied to the surrounding system: shaft hardness and surface finish lubricant selection and replenishment pressure balance within the cavity installation accuracy and concentricity A well-designed seal can only perform as intended when these factors are properly managed. Adapting a skeleton oil seal to ±180° oscillation is not a matter of simply upgrading materials or adding a spring. Effective solutions combine PTFE primary lips, elastomeric support elements, spring energization, and precise manufacturing. As robotics continues to evolve toward higher precision and longer service intervals, sealing technology will follow—moving toward lower friction, modular designs, and closer integration with lubrication systems.

Minimum Order: 1000

High pressure electric water pump Vertical or horizontal structure Multistage /Multi impellers/booster pump/high-head pump Pump material: Cast iron or stainless steel Mechanical seal or packing seal Pump can be equipped with normal motor or explosion-proof motor and used to transfer clean water, oil, or chemical liquids etc. and the delivery head is high. The pumped fluid temperature is no higher than 105 degree Celsius.

Minimum Order: 1 bags