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Seamless steel pipes are known for their durability and quality, which are important for building, plumbing, and various industrial uses. What is Seamless Steel Pipe? Pipes without welds are called seamless pipes, often made of carbon steel, stainless steel, or metal steel. Seamless pipes offer advantages such as increased strength, reliability, and rust resistance, making them ideal for critical industries like oil and gas, chemicals, and power generation. How is a seamless pipe made? 1. Raw Material Selection Choosing high-quality steel billets for uniform composition and structural integrity. 2. Heating Uniformly heating billets to around 1,200°C to facilitate deformation. 3. Rotary Piercing Piercing heated billets using skewed rollers and a mandrel to create a hollow shell. 4. Elongation and Sizing Stretching and reducing the hollow shell to achieve the desired dimensions using rolling mills. 5. Heat Treatment Applying processes like normalizing and tempering to enhance mechanical properties. 6. Straightening and Inspection Correcting deformations and inspecting for defects using non-destructive testing methods. 7. Cutting and Finishing Cutting to specified lengths and applying surface finishes like threading or coating Comparison of the Processes There are two main ways to make seamless pipes: hot-rolling and cold-drawing, each with unique features for different uses. Hot-rolled seamless pipes Hot-rolled pipes are formed by passing heated steel billets through processes like piercing and rolling. They are widely used in general structures and mechanical structures, offering high production efficiency and relatively low cost. Cold-drawn seamless pipes Cold-drawn pipes are produced by cold-drawing on hot-rolled seamless pipes, resulting in higher dimensional accuracy and surface finish. They are ideal for high-precision machinery manufacturing and hydraulic equipment where precision is crucial. hot and cold rolled seamless pipe Hot-Rolled Seamless Pipe Cold-Rolled Seamless Pipe Manufacturing Temperature Produced at high temperatures (>1,000°C) Produced at room temperature or slightly elevated Surface Finish Rough, may have scale Smooth, clean surface, minimal oxidation Strength Lower tensile strength and hardness Higher tensile strength, more precise dimensions Cost Less expensive More expensive due to additional processing Applications Heavy-duty, low-precision uses Precision engineering, automotive, aerospace, pressure vessels Choosing the right type depends on specific engineering needs, performance requirements, and manufacturing costs. Rayoung has been a China SMLS Steel Pipe supplier and exporter since 1983. We offer various oil, gas, and fire protection pipeline solutions. Our steel pipe experts and efficient teams are available online! Email: info@js07chinajsgj.com

Minimum Order: 10 long tons

ASME B16.5: The Foundation of Flange Ratings ASME B16.5 is the authoritative standard for pipe flanges and flanged fittings, outlining critical dimensions, pressure-temperature ratings, materials, and testing. It establishes seven primary pressure classes: 150, 300, 400, 600, 900, 1500, and 2500. While each serves a specific purpose, Class 150 and Class 300 flanges are exceptionally common in both industrial and commercial settings due to their versatility. Class 150 Flange vs. Class 300 Flanges The distinction between Class 150 and Class 300 flanges boils down to their performance capabilities, particularly their ability to handle pressure and temperature. Strength and Pressure Handling At the heart of the matter is pressure resilience. Class 300 flanges are engineered for considerably higher pressure tolerances compared to their Class 150 counterparts. Class 150 Flanges: Typically rated to withstand pressures up to 285 psi. Class 300 Flanges: Designed for more demanding conditions, handling pressures up to 740 psi. This significant difference in pressure rating directly impacts where each flange type is best utilized. Applications Class 150 Flange Applications Class 150 flanges are commonly used in low-pressure and moderate-temperature applications. Typical industries and use cases include: Water Treatment and Distribution: Perfect for municipal water systems where pressures are controlled. HVAC Systems: Commonly found in heating, ventilation, and air conditioning pipelines that don’t experience extreme pressure fluctuations. Food and Beverage Processing: Suited for non-corrosive fluid lines within moderate pressure limits. Low-Pressure Oil & Gas Segments: Utilized in less critical sections of pipelines where operational pressures remain well below 285 psi. Class 300 Flange Applications: Class 300 flanges are used in higher-pressure and higher-temperature environments, such as: Petrochemical and Refining: Essential for handling high-pressure steam, various gases, and corrosive chemicals. Power Generation Plants: Critical in high-pressure steam lines and boiler feed systems where reliability is paramount. Heavy Industrial Process Piping: Employed in chemical plants and manufacturing facilities demanding robust and secure connections for intensive processes. High-Pressure Oil & Gas Systems: Indispensable in pipelines transporting crude oil, natural gas, and other energy products under significant pressure. In essence, industries prioritizing superior sealing integrity and safety under high-pressure conditions will almost always opt for Class 300 flanges. Dimensional Variations The differences aren’t just in pressure ratings; they’re physically evident in the flange’s construction. Wall Thickness: Expect Class 300 flanges to possess noticeably thicker walls and a greater overall mass, directly contributing to their ability to withstand higher forces. Outside Diameter (OD): Class 300 flanges generally feature a larger outside diameter. For example, a 4-inch Class 150 flange might have an OD of approximately 9 inches, whereas a 4-inch Class 300 flange would be closer to 10.75 inches. Bolt Circle Diameter & Bolt Holes: To accommodate increased pressure and ensure a se

Minimum Order: 10 long tons

Steel pipe reducers are essential components in many piping systems, facilitating the connection of pipes with varying diameters. They play a crucial role in controlling fluid flow, making them indispensable in various industrial and residential applications. What is a Steel Pipe Reducer? A pipe reducer is a fitting used to change the diameter of a pipeline, either by enlarging or reducing it. As the name suggests, reducers enable the smooth transfer of fluids from a larger pipe to a smaller one, or vice versa. This functionality is key to regulating liquid flow and adjusting its velocity within a system. Essentially, the primary purpose of a reducer is to manage and control fluid dynamics, enabling precise adjustments in flow rate as needed. At JSFittings, our steel pipe reducers are engineered with precision, adhering to stringent international standards, including ASTM and ASME. Whether it’s for high-pressure oil pipelines or typical residential water systems, our reducer pipe fittings ensure leak-proof connections and long-lasting reliability. Steel Pipe Reducer Applications of Steel Pipe Reducers Steel reducers are widely utilized in demanding environments like chemical factories and power plants, where they enhance the reliability and compactness of piping systems. They protect the system from adverse impacts and thermal deformation. When integrated into a pressure circuit, they prevent leakage and simplify installation. Furthermore, reducers coated with nickel or chrome offer extended product life, are ideal for high-vapor lines, and provide excellent corrosion resistance. Steel Pipe Reducers Types: Pipe reducers are primarily categorized into two types: concentric reducers and eccentric reducers. 1. Steel Pipe Concentric Reducer This type features a symmetrical, conical shape, ensuring that the diameter change occurs uniformly around the centerline. Key Features: Facilitates a smooth transition between pumps and piping. Effectively conveys slurries and abrasive fluids. Suitable for operations where corrosion is a concern. Ideal for situations requiring different ratings and wear protection when connecting flanges or pipes. Perfectly suited for use in pump suction lines. 2. Steel Pipe Eccentric Reducer Unlike its concentric counterpart, the eccentric reducer is not symmetrical about the centerline. It’s specifically designed for pipe-work systems where the pipe diameter needs to be reduced while maintaining a flat top or bottom surface. Key Features: Enables the connection of pipes with significantly different diameters. Contributes to reduced noise and vibration in the system. Requires minimal installation space. Helps absorb noise generated by pipe walls and fluid turbulence. Minimizes turbulence entrapment. Often used with the flat side up in pump pressure applications to mitigate cavitation. steel pipe concentric reducers and eccentric reducers Concentric Reducers vs. Eccentric Reducers: While concentric reducers are more commonly used, eccentric reducers are specifically employed to maintain consistent top or bottom pipe levels. Eccentric reducers are also crucial in preventing air entrapment within the pipeline, whereas concentric reducers are effective in reducing noise pollution. Connection Types of Pipe Reducers Pipe reducers are also classified by their connection methods: socket weld reducers and butt weld reducers. Socket Weld Reducer: Also known as a socket weld insert, these come in three types (1, 2, and 3) and comply with ASME B16.11 manufacturing standards. Socket welds offer about half the strength of butt welds and are typically used for small-diameter pipes (NPS 2 or less). Butt Weld Reducer: These reducers have plain or beveled ends, manufactured according to ASME B16.9, with welding processes adhering to ASME B16.25. Butt welds provide superior strength, making them suitable for high-pressure and high-temperature pipelines. Material Types for Pipe Reducers Reducers can be crafted from various materials, including carbon steel, alloy steel, and stainless steel, among others. Each material offers distinct properties suitable for different applications. Steel reducers pipe fitting material Carbon Steel Reducers vs. Stainless Steel Reducers Carbon steel reducers generally offer higher pressure resistance, greater strength, and better wear resistance compared to stainless steel. However, carbon steel is more susceptible to corrosion. Carbon Steel Reducer Material Standards and Grades: A234 WPB, A420 WPL6, MSS-SP-75 WPHY 42, 46, 52, 56, 60, 65, and 70. Stainless Steel Reducer Material Standards and Grades: ASTM A403 WP 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 317, 317L, 321, 310, and 904L, etc. Alloy Pipe Reducer Material Standards and Grades: A234 WP1, WP5, WP9, WP11, WP22, WP91, etc. JSFITTINGS is dedicated to providing comprehensive piping solutions for industrial clients worldwide. Based in China, we deliver high-quality steel pipe fittings globally, ensuring optimal performance and reliability for diverse industrial needs.

Minimum Order: 10 long tons

Oxidized polyethylene wax primarily functions as a dispersant in masterbatch production. By enhancing the uniform distribution of pigment particles within the carrier resin, it improves the gloss, processability, and dispersion stability of the final product. ‌ ‌Enhancing Dispersion Uniformity： Oxidized polyethylene wax reduces van der Waals forces and electrostatic attraction between pigment particles, disrupting agglomerate structures to facilitate dispersion in the molten state. For instance, inorganic pigments like carbon black, which tend to aggregate due to high surface energy, achieve nano-level uniform distribution when oxidized polyethylene wax is added. ‌ ‌Improved Processing Performance：‌ Wax dispersants enhance melt flowability, reduce viscosity, decrease extruder energy consumption, and boost production efficiency. Simultaneously, their lubricating effect prevents heat buildup from friction between pigment particles during processing, avoiding equipment overheating or malfunctions. ‌ ‌Improved Product Performance：‌ Uniformly dispersed pigment particles reduce surface defects like color spots and streaks while enhancing gloss and mechanical properties. For applications demanding high dispersion quality—such as automotive components and appliance housings—polyethylene oxide wax prevents stress concentration issues caused by agglomeration.

Oxidized polyethylene wax is primarily used in rubber demolding to enhance release properties and surface compatibility while providing anti-adhesion functionality. ‌ Specific Applications Oxidized polyethylene wax is commonly employed as a release agent or lubricant in rubber processing, improving demolding efficiency and reducing adhesion issues. Its powder form facilitates dispersion within rubber compounds and maintains stability during high-temperature processing. For instance, it forms a barrier layer within rubber molds to enable smooth demolding. ‌ Performance Advantages This product features: ‌High-Temperature Resistance: Suitable for high-temperature vulcanization or injection molding processes, maintaining consistent release performance; ‌Dispersibility: White powder structure facilitates uniform mixing within rubber compounds; ‌Environmental Friendliness: Water-based formulation minimizes pollution risks.

Key Advantages of Oxidized Polyethylene Wax in PVC Applications Superior Lubrication: Delivers stable and balanced internal and external lubricity across a broad processing temperature range. Enhanced Plasticisation: Effectively regulates plasticisation rates, ensuring a smoother process and preventing premature or delayed plasticisation. Improved Thermal Stability: Indirectly enhances PVC material thermal stability by reducing frictional heat, thereby extending safe processing times. Improved Surface Quality: Significantly reduces bloom (sweating) phenomena, resulting in smoother, glossier surfaces with superior tactile properties. This is particularly crucial for transparent products and those demanding high surface finish (e.g., sheets, films, foils). Low Volatility: Exhibits minimal volatilisation during high-temperature processing, minimising smoke and odour generation.

During the final stage of leather manufacturing—the finishing process— micro-wax is added to topcoat finishing agents (such as glazes and fixatives). Its primary purpose is to impart a premium feel and practical physical properties to the leather surface. Primary Functions: Hand Feel Improvement (Most Critical Function) Silky Smoothness: Micro-wax particles form an ultra-thin, smooth wax film on the leather surface, significantly reducing friction coefficients to create an exceptionally smooth and refined tactile sensation. Waxy Feel: Delivers a premium, waxed-like fullness and nourished hand feel. Flaw Concealment: Micro-wax particles can slightly fill minor scratches or imperfections on the leather surface, making the grain appear more uniform and flawless. Enhanced Physical Properties Scratch Resistance & Abrasion Resistance: Wax particles form a protective layer on the surface that effectively disperses and cushions external scratching forces, preventing permanent marks on the leather surface and improving durability. Anti-Sticking: Prevents treated leather pieces from sticking together due to temperature and pressure when stacked or rolled. Dulling Effect: Wax particles cause diffuse light reflection, reducing the coating's gloss level. By selecting different types and quantities of micro- wax, the leather's sheen can be precisely controlled from semi-matte to fully matte.

During PVC processing (such as extrusion, calendering, and injection molding), the molten PVC material becomes highly viscous due to heat and mechanical shear forces, readily adhering to the metal surfaces of processing equipment (such as screws, barrels, and molds). This leads to increased energy consumption, reduced production efficiency, rough product surfaces, and even decomposition. As an external lubricant, Fischer-Tropsch wax functions through the following mechanisms: Migration and spreading: During PVC plasticization, Fischer-Tropsch wax migrates from the PVC mixture interior to the melt surface. Formation of a barrier layer: A thin, uniform lubricating film forms between the melt surface and the metal surfaces of processing equipment. Reduced Adhesion and Friction: This lubricating film effectively lowers friction and adhesion between the PVC melt and metal equipment, achieving lubrication. Fischer-Tropsch wax is widely used in various rigid and flexible PVC products: Rigid PVC: This is the primary application area for Fischer-Tropsch wax. Window and Door Profiles: Provides excellent surface finish, facilitates extrusion, and reduces energy consumption. Pipes and fittings: Ensures stable extrusion and smooth inner/outer walls. Sheets and films: Such as transparent PVC sheets and advertising boards, maintaining lubrication without compromising transparency. Injection-molded products: Excellent demolding performance. Flexible PVC: Used as a lubricant and surface modifier in wire and cable compounds, artificial leather, flooring, etc.

Micronized wax is a solid powder with an extremely fine particle size (typically 1-20 microns). When added to an epoxy resin system and cured, its mechanism of action is as follows: 1. Floating Migration Effect: This is the primary mechanism. Due to poor compatibility between wax and epoxy resin, coupled with its low density, wax particles gradually migrate to the coating surface during curing. Formation of a protective layer: Ultimately, these wax particles create an extremely fine, uniform, and uneven wax film on the outermost layer of the coating. This film acts as a “sacrificial layer.” Reduced Friction Coefficient: When an object scrapes the coating surface, the force first impacts these protruding wax particles rather than directly affecting the epoxy resin matrix. This significantly lowers the surface friction coefficient, achieving scratch resistance and wear resistance. Generated Micro-Irregularities: The surface wax particles make complete optical contact difficult, thereby also contributing to a certain degree of matting effect (reducing gloss).

Microcrystalline wax has the following primary applications in candle making: Improving Texture and Performance Microcrystalline wax enhances candle hardness and surface smoothness while improving flexibility and extensibility, preventing cracking or deformation. For instance, adding hard microcrystalline wax increases paraffin's hardness and gloss, while soft microcrystalline wax is suitable for soft waxes like beeswax, improving demolding and reducing bubbles. ‌ Enhancing Adhesion and Stability Microcrystalline wax blends well with various waxes (e.g., soy wax, paraffin). By adjusting the melting point (e.g., using food-grade microcrystalline wax with a melting point below 60°C), it improves the adhesion of essential oils or decorative materials while reducing white streaks and cup separation issues. ‌ Extended Burn Time Candles containing microcrystalline wax burn more stably, resist dripping or black soot, and exhibit higher combustion efficiency.

Micronized wax is a wax powder with an average particle size of less than 10 micrometers. It is made by air jet milling or spray chilling. Wax can also be precipitated out of solution.  Some of the applications of micronized wax are: Powder coatings. Micronized waxes are used as an additive in the production of coatings and surfaces, improving their gloss and glide, and they also contribute to good dispersion of resins and form a smooth layer on the surface to protect it from scratches and abrasion.  3D printing.  Industrial coatings.  Printing inks.  Some of the types of micronized wax are: Polyethylene wax. It can be a linear or branched wax at any molecular weight. Carnauba wax. It is a natural wax and is very grindable. Semi-natural wax. It is ethylene bistearamide, which is produced by reacting stearic acid with ethylene diamine.

Detailed Explanation of Fischer-Tropsch Wax Application in PVC: 1. Primary Function: Serves as an external lubricant During PVC processing (such as extrusion, calendering, injection moulding), the polymer melt undergoes friction and adhesion with the metal surfaces of processing equipment (e.g., screws, barrels, moulds) at elevated temperatures. The lubricant's role is to reduce this friction and adhesion. Function of Fischer-Tropsch wax: As a typical external lubricant, Fischer- Tropsch wax exhibits low compatibility with PVC. During processing, it migrates from the PVC melt to its surface, forming a thin lubricating molecular layer between the melt and metal equipment. Benefits: Reduced processing energy consumption: Minimises friction, lowering equipment drive power requirements. Prevents melt fracture: Reduces shear stress, preventing material degradation from excessive shear. Facilitates demoulding: Effectively prevents products from adhering to moulds during injection moulding or calendering. Enhances production line speed: Superior lubricity permits higher processing speeds.

Specific Advantages in Hot-Melt Adhesive Applications Adjustability: Fischer-Tropsch wax effectively modulates the initial gelation temperature and curing time of hot-melt adhesives, enhancing their plasticity and tensile properties. Low Viscosity and High Melting Point Advantages: Low-viscosity, high-melting-point Fischer-Tropsch wax also reduces the viscosity of polymers and resins, facilitating efficient resin blending and smooth hot melt adhesive pumping while maintaining appropriate surface wetting of polymers and resins. Food Contact Safety: Refined Fischer-Tropsch wax is contamination-free and odorless, making it suitable for hot melt adhesive applications requiring compliance with food contact standards. Its elevated melting point confers superior heat resistance to the adhesive. Low penetration enhances the adhesive's strength. The narrow carbon distribution range shortens open time and reduces curing time. The wax's stability ensures no migration or leaching, further optimizing hot melt adhesive performance.

Micronized wax is primarily used to enhance the scratch resistance, smooth hand feel and anti-blocking properties of inks and coatings, suitable for solvent-based ink and coating systems. ‌ Key Functions Micro-wax reduces surface friction in printed materials through its regular spherical particle structure. Its uniform fineness facilitates easy dispersion with pigments, allowing direct incorporation into inks or coatings at room temperature without requiring additional solvents or heating. ‌ Application Areas ‌Inks: Suitable for solvent-based flexographic inks, packaging gravure inks, and offset inks. Improves sliding friction on printed surfaces and reduces printing friction. ‌ ‌Coatings: Employed in thin-film coatings to enhance paint film abrasion resistance and slip properties while preventing adhesion and soiling. ‌ ‌Plastics Processing & Cosmetics: Beyond inks and coatings, also utilised in plastics processing and cosmetics to boost wear resistance and tactile comfort.